What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease (also called periodontal disease) refers to a group of inflammatory disorders that affect the gums and structures that support the teeth. It starts with gingivitis, a mild, reversible inflammation of the gums, and, if not treated properly, can progress into periodontitis, a serious condition that can destroy gum tissue, the bone under the gums, and eventually lead to tooth loss.
How Common Is It?
- Nearly 42‑47% of U.S. adults aged 30 and over show some form of periodontal disease.
- About 8% have severe periodontitis.
- The prevalence increases with age: for adults 65 and older, it’s much higher.
Why Is Gum Disease “Scary”?
1. Irreversible Damage
Once periodontitis sets in, bone loss and tissue destruction can’t always be undone. Gum recession, loose teeth, and even tooth loss may follow.
2. Often “Silent” Until Late
Symptoms in early stages are subtle: red or swollen gums, occasional bleeding, mild bad breath. Many people ignore these signs. By the time pain, loose teeth, or gum pockets appear, significant damage may already be done.
3. Linked to Other Health Problems
Gum disease is more than a dental issue. It’s been connected with systemic health issues like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, complications in pregnancy, and more. The inflammation and bacterial load from the gums can affect overall health.
What Increases Your Risk?
While gum disease can affect anyone, some people are more vulnerable due to:
- Poor oral hygiene: Infrequent or ineffective brushing/flossing allows plaque to build up.
- Smoking or tobacco use: Strong risk factor; slows healing and worsens gum disease.
- Diabetes and other systemic diseases: Especially if not well controlled.
- Age: Older adults are more likely to have gum disease.
- Genetics: Some people have inherited susceptibility to gum disease.
- Medications, hormonal changes, dry mouth: These also contribute.
Signs & Symptoms to Watch For
- Gums that are red, swollen, or tender
- Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath or bad taste
- Receding gums, making teeth look longer
- Formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums
- Loose or shifting teeth, changes in how your teeth fit together
- Sensitivity around the roots of teeth, especially to hot, cold, or sweets
Prevention: What You Can Do Right Now
The good news: in many cases, gum disease is preventable — especially if you catch it early. Here’s how to protect your gums and preserve your smile.
- Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, for at least two minutes each time. Make sure to reach all surfaces of your teeth and gently along the gum line.
- Floss daily to clean between teeth where brushes can’t reach. Alternatives like interdental brushes or water flossers work too.
- Use antimicrobial or antiseptic mouthwash if recommended by your dentist, particularly if you have early signs like bleeding gums.
- Stay on top of professional cleanings and dental check‑ups — ideally every 6 months, or more often if your dentist advises. These visits can remove tartar (which you can’t remove yourself) and let the dentist detect early signs.
- Quit smoking / avoid tobacco products. This is one of the single most impactful lifestyle changes you can make.
- Manage systemic health conditions like diabetes, because they increase suscepti